As we move closer to the year 2050, cities like Jakarta and Venice are facing increasingly dire threats from land subsidence and rising sea levels. These challenges endanger not only infrastructure and cultural heritage but also the daily lives and safety of millions of people. Understanding the root causes and implementing sustainable solutions has never been more urgent.

Jakarta: The Fastest-Sinking Megacity

Jakarta is currently sinking at an alarming rate of 5 to 10 centimeters per year. This rapid land subsidence is primarily caused by excessive groundwater extraction, unregulated urban growth, and insufficient infrastructure. With less than half of the city’s population having access to piped water, many rely on groundwater sources, further accelerating the sinking. By 2050, significant parts of North Jakarta are projected to be underwater, putting millions at risk.

Venice: A City Battling the Tides

Venice, Italy, has long struggled with flooding due to its lagoon-based geography. However, the problem has worsened with rising sea levels and natural land settling. To combat this, the MOSE project—a series of movable barriers—was developed to protect the city during high tides. Despite this innovation, the weight of Venice’s historic architecture continues to strain its fragile foundations.

Global Lessons and the Path Forward

The challenges faced by Jakarta and Venice are not unique. Many coastal cities around the world face similar risks. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, including sustainable water management to reduce groundwater reliance, investment in resilient infrastructure, smarter urban planning that avoids high-risk zones, and stronger community involvement in adaptation strategies.

The fate of these sinking cities serves as a warning—and a roadmap. By learning from Jakarta and Venice, cities worldwide can prepare for a more resilient, climate-adapted future.